Haloalkanes(alkyl halides)
8. Haloalkanes (Alkyl Halides)
Introduction
R-X
Haloalkane (Alkyl
halides)
where, R- = alkyl group like CH3-(methyl), CH3-CH2-(ethyl) etc.
-X =
halogen like -Cl, -Br, -I etc.
Classification
Haloalkanes can be classified into monohaloalkanes,
dihaloalkanes, trihaloalkanes or polyhaloalkanes based on the number of halogen
atoms present.
Based on the carbon atom to which
the halo group is attached, the monohaloalkanes are further divided into primary
(10), secondary (20) and tertiary (30)
haloalkanes.
The carbon that is bonded with only one or no
other carbon is called primary carbon. The carbon that is bonded with two next carbon
atoms is called secondary
and the carbons
that are bonded with 3 and 4 next carbon atoms are respectively
called tertiary
and quaternary carbon atoms.
Nomenclature
IUPAC and common nomenclature
|
Bromoalkanes |
IUPAC names |
Common names |
Degree |
|
CH3Br |
Bromomethane |
Methyl bromide |
10 |
|
CH3CH2Br |
Bromoethane |
Ethyl bromide |
10 |
|
CH3CH2CH2Br |
1-bromopropane |
n-propyl bromide |
10 |
|
|
2-bromopropane |
iso-propyl bromide |
20 |
|
CH3CH2CH2CH2Br (C4H9Br) |
1-bromobutane |
n-butyl bromide |
10 |
|
(C4H9Br) |
2-bromobutane |
sec-butyl bromide |
20 |
|
|
1-bromo-2-methylpropane |
iso-butyl bromide |
10 |
|
(C4H9Br) |
2-bromo-2-methylpropane |
tert-butyl bromide |
30 |
Isomerism
Ø
Different compounds having the same molecular
formula are called isomers.
Ø
Compounds that differ in structures and have the
same molecular formula are called structural isomers.
Ø
The following two types of structural isomerism
are observed in monohaloalkanes.
Chain Isomerism (skeletal isomerism)
Chain isomers are compounds with the
same molecular formula differing only in the main carbon chain or skeleton.
Such isomerism is exhibited by haloalkanes having 4 or more carbon atoms.
e.g., 2-iodobutane and 2-iodo-2-methylpropane
Positional
Isomerism
Position isomers are compounds
with the same molecular formula differing only in the position of the halo
group. Such isomerism is exhibited by haloalkanes having 3 or more carbon
atoms.
e.g., 1-chloropropane and
2-chloropropane
1. Write down the structure of the secondary
Haloalkane of C3H7X. 1
2.
Write
the possible isomers for the molecular formula C4H9Br. 2
3.
Write
the IUPAC names of the following compounds
1.
The number of primary alkyl halides having
molecular formula C4H9X is
a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 3
2. 2-bromohexane is an example of
a. Haloarene c. Primary
haloalkane
b. Secondary
haloalkane d. Tertiary
haloalkanes
General methods of Preparation of Monohaloalkanes (Alkyl
halides)
1. From Alkanes (by direct halogenation)
Alkanes can be halogenated easily
in presence of sunlight. These reactions are free radical substitution
reactions. e.g.,
On long-standing, excess chlorine
substitutes all the available hydrogen atoms from the alkanes.
2. From alkene (by hydrohalogenation)
Alkenes undergo addition with
hydrohalic acids (HCl, HBr and HI) resulting in haloalkanes. e.g,
Markovnikov’s rule: When an unsymmetrical reagent is added
to an unsymmetrical alkene the positive part of the reagent is attached to the
carbon atom with more hydrogen atoms, and the negative part gets bonded with
the carbon atom with a smaller number of hydrogen atoms. e.g,
4.
Write
short notes on Markovnikov’s rule. 3
Peroxide effect (anti markovnikov’s rule): When HBr is added
to unsymmetrical Alkenes in the presence of organic peroxide, the positive part
(H) gets bonded with carbon having a smaller number of hydrogen and the
negative part (Br) gets bonded with carbon having the higher number of hydrogens.
5.
What
product is obtained when 2-methylprop-1-ene is treated with HBr in presence of
organic peroxide? 1
3. From alcohols
a. Reaction with halogen acids
Ø
Alcohols, when treated with halogen acids (HCl,
HBr, HI), the -OH group is substituted with the -X group (halide).
Ø
The reaction of alcohols with hydrochloric acid is
slow, therefore, requires the presence of ZnCl2 as a catalyst. e.g.,
b. Reaction
with PCl5/PX3/SOCl2
Alcohols also react with PCl5,
PCl3 and SOCl2 resulting in Chloroalkanes. e.g.,
Ø
In the case
of PI3 and PBr3, being unstable, P4 and I2
or Br2 are heated to produce the PI3 or PBr3
in situ.
Ø
SOCl2
is considered a better reagent as the side products SO2 and HCl
escape out as gases.
6. Write the action of Propan-2-ol
with PCl5. 1
7.
Write three methods of preparation
of Chloroethane. 3
8.
Write
three methods of preparation of Iodomethane. 3
9. Write three methods of preparation
of Iodoethane. 3
3.
When Propylene reacts with HCl in presence of
traces of organic peroxide, it follows
a. Markovnikov's
rule c. Anti-markovnikov's
rule
b. Free radical
addition d. Chain reaction
4.
Ethyl alcohol gives ethyl chloride with the help
of
a. SOCl2 b.
NaCl c.
Cl2 d.
KCl
5.
The acid that requires a catalyst to react with
alcohols is
a. HCl c.
HBr
b. Both HCl and
HBr d. HI
Physical Properties
Ø Lower
members - gases; higher members - liquids with pleasant smell; even higher are
waxy solids.
Ø Boiling
points increase with the molecular masses in homologous series and among
different halogen atoms,
RI
> RBr > RCl
Ø
Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents.
Chemical Properties
[A]
Nucleophilic substitution reactions (SN1/SN2)
The
most common type of reactions that Haloalkanes undergo are nucleophilic
substitutions. These reactions occur by the replacement of the halogen of
haloalkane by a nucleophile. Its general form is expressed as
where Y- is a nucleophile
like -OH, -NH2, -CN etc.
The nucleophilic substitution reactions are of two types
viz:
i)
SN1 (substitution nucleophilic
unimolecular)
ii)
SN2 (substitution nucleophilic
bimolecular)
I)
SN1
reaction: In this reaction rate of reaction depends upon the concentration
of only one of the reactants i.e., the haloalkane substrate. Hence called
unimolecular.
It involves the following
two steps.
Step I: Haloalkane undergoes
heterolytic fission to form a carbocation and a halide ion. It’s a slow hence rate-determining
step(rds).
Hence, the rate can be expressed
as: rate = k [Haloalkane]
Step II: Carbocation, being highly
reactive, reacts with nucleophiles such as OH- to form the product,
which is a fast step.
The order of
reactivity of 10, 20, 30 and
methyl haloalkanes is in the following order;
R3C-X > R2CHX > RCHX > CH3-X
i.e., 30 > 20 > 10 >
methyl
This is due to the following order
of stability of the carbocations;
R3C+ > R2CH+
> RCH2+ > CH3+
II)
SN2
reaction: This reaction occurs in a single step. The rate of the reaction
depends on the concentration of both the substrate (haloalkane) and reagent
(nucleophile). Hence it is called a bimolecular reaction. In the transition
state, there are partial bonds of both the nucleophile and the leaving group
(halogen).
The rate of reaction can be
expressed as:
Rate = k
[haloalkane] [nucleophile]
1. Formation of alcohols - Reaction with aqueous
caustic alkali (substitution by -OH group)
When treated with aq. NaOH or KOH, haloalkanes give
alcohols.
10.
Make
the following conversions:
6.
Formation of ether - Reaction with
sodium alkoxide (substitution by -OR)(Williamson's etherification process)
When treated with sodium alkoxide or potassium alkoxide, haloalkanes
give ethers. This is a nucleophilic
substitution reaction where the alkoxide ion (OR-) acts as a nucleophile
and substitutes the halogen atom from alkyl halide.
Importance of Williamson’s
etherification reaction:
Ø
It
involves the SN1 reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl
halide.
Ø
It
helps to prove the structure of ethers.
Ø It is suitable to prepare a wide
variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers.
11. What
is Williamson’s etherification reaction? 2
12.
Use Williamson’s synthesis method
for the preparation of
13.
Give
Williamson’s synthesis to prepare unsymmetrical ethers. 1
14.
How
would you prepare the unsymmetrical ether of C3H8O by
Williamson’s synthesis? 1
15.
Prepare
CH3-O-CH2CH3 by using Williamson’s ether
synthesis. 1
16.
Write
an example of Williamson’s etherification reaction. What is its importance? 2
17.
Write
down the isomeric ether of isopropyl alcohol and use Williamson’s synthesis
process for the preparation of such ether. 2
(Hint: Isopropyl alcohol -- Propan-2-ol-- isomer ether --
Methoxyethane.
Either
chloromethane & sod. ethoxide or chloroethane & pot. methoxide.)
18.
Give
the correct chemical reaction for the preparation of 2-methoxy propane.
19.
How
would you obtain Methoxyethane from Ethanol? 1
7.
Formation of nitrile:
Action of alcoholic potassium cyanide (substitution by -CN)
8.
Formation of carbyl amine(isocyanide):
Reaction with alcoholic AgCN
Haloalkanes when treated with alc. AgCN, give isocyanides.
5. Formation of amines: Reaction with ammonia
(Hoffmann’s ammonolysis) - formation of different degrees of amines
When
an alkyl halide is heated with aq. or an alcoholic solution of ammonia, a 10
amine is formed. Excess of alkyl halide gives a mixture of primary, secondary
and tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts.
6.
Formation of nitrites:
action of alcoholic potassium nitrite
7.
Formation of nitro compound:
action of alcoholic silver nitrite
20.
Make
the following conversion;
8.
Formation of thioether: (action of thioalcohol)
9.
The most common reaction that alkyl halide shows
is
a.
Electrophilic addition c. Nucleophilic substitution
b.
Free radical addition d. Electrophilic substitution
10.
Alkyl halide can be converted to alcohol by
a.
Addition b. Elimination c. Substitution d. Dehydrogenation
11.
SN2 mechanism proceeds through the
intervention of
a.
Carbonium ion b.
Carbocation c. Carbanion d. Transition state
12.
Isopropyl chloride reacts with alcoholic KOH to
give
a.
Propane b.
Propene c. Propyne d. Propanol
13.
On treatment with alcoholic potassium hydroxide,
n-propyl bromide gives
a.
Propane b.
Propene c. Propyne d. Propanol
14.
Ethyl iodide reacts with Sodium methoxide to
give
a. Methyl methanoate c. Methyl ethanoate
b. Ethyl methyl ether d. Diethyl ether
15.
Alkanenitrile is the IUPAC name of
a.
Alcohols b. Cyanides c. Esters d. Olefins
16.
C2H5NC is known as
a. Ethyl isocyanide c.
Ethyl carbylamine
b. Both d. None of these
17.
Alkyl halide reacts with alcoholic AgCN to give
a. Alkyl cyanide c. Alkyl isocyanide
b. Alkyl isocyanate d.
Nitrile
18.
The product formed when ethyl bromide reacts
with silver cyanide is
a. Ethyl carbylamine c. Propionitrile
b. Methyl carbylamine d. Acetonitrile
19.
Ethyl halide reacts with alcoholic silver
nitrite to form
a.
Ethylene c. Ethyl nitrite
b.
Ethyl cyanide d. Nitroethane
20.
The reaction of preparing alkyl cyanide by
reacting alkyl halide with potassium cyanide is
a.
Elimination reaction c. electrophilic reaction
b.
Nucleophilic reaction d. condensation reaction
21.
a.
Ethyl nitrate c.
Ethyl nitrite
b.
Ethanamine d.
Nitroethane
[B] Elimination Reaction
Dehydrohalogenation
(reaction with alc. KOH)
Haloalkanes undergo elimination with alc. KOH or alc. NaOH
giving alkenes. E.g.,
Saytzeff's
Rule
When two different alkenes are possible from an elimination
reaction, the alkene with the highest number of the side chains (alkyl groups)
is formed as major product.
21. What happens when Chloroethane is
heated with alcoholic KOH? 1
22.
What happens when Iodoethane is heated with
alc. NaOH? 1
23.
Give an example of Elimination Reaction. 1
24.
Predict
the major product when 2-chloro-3-methylbutane and 2-bromobutane are treated
separately with an alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide.
25. Convert 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane
and vice versa. 2
(Practice names
and side products yourself.)
26.
Convert
1-chloropropane to 2-chloropropane. 2
27.
Consider
the following equation: 5
a)
Identify
compound B in the above reaction.
b)
Which
substitution reaction occurs in the above reaction and why?
c)
What
product is formed when alc. KOH is used instead of aq. KOH in the above
reaction?
d)
How
can you obtain 1-methoxypropane from above compound A?
22.
Alkyl halide can be changed into Alkene by
a. Addition b. Substitution c. Elimination d. Hydrogenation
23.
Which of the following is an elimination
reaction?
a. Hydrogenation c. Halogenation
b. Dehydrohalogenation d. Oxidation
24.
Ethyl bromide on treatment with alc. KOH gives
a.
Ethyl alcohol c.
Ethylene b. Acetic acid d. Ethane
25.
The compound B formed in the following sequence
of reaction is
a. Propane b. Propanol c. Propene d.
Propyne
26.
In the following sequence of reaction, Y is:
a. Ethene c.
Bromoethene
b. Brommoethane d. Iodoethane
27.
Isopropyl chloride reacts with alcoholic KOH to
give
a. Propane b. Propene c. Propanol d.
Propyne
28.
The product formed by the reaction of
Chloroethane with alc. NaCN is
a.
Ethanenitrile c.
Ethyl isocyanide
b.
Propanenitrile d.
Propane isocyanide
29.
Ethyl halides react with alcoholic silver
nitrite to form
a.
Nitroethane c.
Ethyl alcohol
b.
Ethyl nitrite d.
Ethylene
[C] Reduction
Haloalkanes are reduced
to alkanes with lithium aluminium hydride.
28. Give
major products of the following equations
25. How
would you obtain Ethane from Bromoethane? 1
[D] Reaction with metals
Wurtz reaction
Haloalkanes react with sodium metal in presence of dry ether
forming an alkane with a double number of carbon atoms.
29.
Write
short notes on a) Wurtz reaction 4
30.
Write
a correct example of the Wurtz reaction. 1
31.
Starting
from Iodomethane how would you prepare Ethane? 1
32.
What
happens when Iodoethane is heated with sodium in presence of dry ether? 1
33.
Identify
A with the IUPAC name in the following reaction.
34.
What
happens when secondary Haloalkane C3H7X is heated with Na
in presence of dry ether? 1
35.
Give
major products of the following equations
Conversions
36.
You
are given an organic compound having molecular formula C3H7X.
I)
Write
down primary and secondary haloalkanes giving their IUPAC names.
II)
Give
a proper reaction sequence to convert the primary haloalkane into secondary
haloalkane.
III) What product is obtained when the
secondary haloalkane is subjected to the Wurtz reaction? 1+2+1
37.
38.
Write
down the IUPAC name of major products P and Q in the following reaction
sequence:
39.
An
alkene A undergoes addition with HBr to give B. When B is heated with sodium in
presence of dry ether gives 2,3-dimethylbutane. Identify A and B. 2
40.
A
Haloalkane M reacts with aq. NaOH to give isopropyl alcohol. What major product
would you get when M is heated with Na in presence of dry ether? 2
41.
Starting
from Iodomethane how would you prepare Ethene? 2
42.
A
list of organic compounds is given as
C2H5Cl,
C2H6O, C2H4, C2H5Br,
C3H5N
Write
these compounds in an appropriate reaction sequence.
43.
An
organic compound A on catalytic reduction gives B, B on chlorination gives C, C
on heating with sodium metal in presence of ether gives D, D on chlorination
gives 2-chlorobutane as a major product. Give names for A, B, C and D. 5
30.
Haloalkanes can be converted into higher alkanes
by
a. Coupling
reaction c. Sand-Meyer
reaction
b. Wurtz
reaction d. Kolbe’s
reaction
31.
a. Hexane c. Propane
b. Alkyl
bromide d. 2,3-dimethyl
butane
32.
Ethane as well as Methane can be prepared in a single
step from
a.
CH3Br b.
C2H5Br c.
CH3CHO d. C2H5OH
33.
When 2-chloropropane is treated with alcoholic
KOH and then HBr followed by Na/ether gives
a.
Hexane c.
Propane
b.
1-bromopropane d.
2,3-dimethylbutane
34.
In the given reaction chart,
A, B, C and D can be
respectively,
I.
Ethane, Ethanenitrile, Ethene and Ethanol
II.
Ethene, Ethanol, Ethyl isocyanide and Ethene
III.
Ethane, Bromoethane, Propanenitrile &
Ethanol
IV.
Ethanol, Ethanol, Ethyl carbylamine & Ethene
a.
Only II c.
Both II & IV b. Only III d. None
35.
In the given reaction chart,
A, B, C and D can be
respectively,
I.
Ethane, Ethanenitrile, Ethene and Ethanol
II.
Ethene, Ethanol, Ethyl isocyanide and Ethene
III.
Ethane, Bromoethane, Propanenitrile &
Ethanol
IV.
Ethanol, Ethanol, Ethyl carbylamine &
Ethanol
a.
Only II c.
Both II and IV b. Only
III d. Only IV
Preparation
of Chloroform
First, bleaching powder reacts with water,
Preparation from ethyl alcohol involves the following steps-
Ø
Oxidation of ethyl alcohol into acetaldehyde:
Ø
Chlorination of acetaldehyde into
trichloroacetaldehyde (Chloral)
Ø
Hydrolysis of chloral into chloroform.
Preparation from Propanone, similarly involves only the following
2 steps-
Ø
Chlorination of Propanone into
1,1,1-trichloropropanone
Ø
Hydrolysis of 1,1,1-trichloropropanone into
chloroform.
44. Write the chemical reaction for the
preparation of Trichloromethane from Ethanal. 2
45.
Write
down the chemical reaction for the preparation of Trichloromethane from
acetone. 2
46.
Give
a suitable chemical reaction for the laboratory preparation of
Trichloromethane. 1
47.
Give
the reactions for the laboratory preparation of Trichloromethane.
36.
Chloroform is prepared in the lab by heating
bleaching powder with
a.
Ethanol c. Acetone
b.
Ethanal d. All of the above
37.
During lab
preparation of chloroform, an aqueous paste of bleaching powder acts as
a.
Chlorinating agent c. Oxidizing agent
b.
Hydrolyzing agent d. All of the above
38.
Pure chloroform can be obtained from the chloral
by the action of
a.
Cl2 b.
CaOCl2 c. Both d. None
39.
Chloral is
a.
Cl-CH3 c.CCl3COCH3 b. Cl3CCHO d. Cl2CCOOH
Properties of Trichloromethane
Ø
It is a sweet-smelling colourless liquid.
Ø
It is heavier than water than with sp. gr. 1.485.
Ø
It boils at 610C and freezes at -630C.
Ø
It dissolves nonpolar compounds like fat, oil
and wax.
Ø
If inhaled in a small amount, causes temporary
unconsciousness.
1) Oxidation - Reaction with air
Chloroform, when exposed to light and air, undergoes slow
oxidation to give highly poisonous- phosgene gas, which can cause death in
higher amounts. This is one of the reasons for discarding chloroform as an anaesthetic.
So, to prevent the formation of carbonyl chloride following
precautions should be taken.
ü
Store in a dark bottle to cut off the light.
ü
Fill the chloroform up to the stopper to exclude
air.
ü
1% Ethanol is also added, which reacts with the
phosgene gas formed and changes into a nontoxic compound- diethyl carbonate.
48.
Why
does chloroform not give a white precipitate with aqueous silver nitrate? 1
Solution: Chloroform and other Chloroalkanes
contain covalently bonded chlorine which does not ionize in an aqueous
solution. Therefore they do not give white precipitate with aqueous silver
nitrate.
Unlike
inorganic chlorides like NaCl, HCl etc. which ionize into Cl-(chloride
ion) which reacts with AgNO3 giving white ppt. of AgCl.
49.
Why
is Chloroform stored in a dark room air-tight bottle containing a little ethyl
alcohol? 1
50.
Why is Trichloromethane (chloroform) stored in a
dark-brown air-tight bottle?
51.
What
happens when chloroform is exposed to atmospheric air? 1
52.
Write
the action of Trichloromethane with oxygen. 1
53.
What
happens when Trichloromethane reacts with atmospheric air? 1
54.
Why
is it discouraged to use chloroform as an anaesthesia? 1
55.
Starting
from Trichloromethane how would you prepare carbonyl chloride? 1
1) Reduction
Chloroform can be reduced to Dichloromethane and Methane
respectively by Zn/HCl in presence of Ethanol and Zn-dust in water.
56.
Starting
from Trichloromethane how would you prepare Methane? 1
2)
Reaction with silver powder
Chloroform and Iodoform both when heated with silver powder
give Ethyne (Acetylene).
57. What happens when Trichloromethane
is heated with silver powder?
58.
Give
the action of chloroform upon heated silver. 1.5
59.
What
happens when iodoform is heated with silver powder? 1
60.
How
would you obtain Ethyne from Trichloromethane? 1
61.
Give
an equation for the conversion of chloroform into Ethyne. 1
62.
Starting
from Trichloromethane how would you prepare Ethyne? 1
3) Reaction with aqueous Caustic alkali (Hydrolysis)
Chloroform reacts with aqueous NaOH or KOH forming a
tri-alcohol which is a typical substitution reaction like that of
monohaloalkanes. But the triol being very unstable undergoes decomposition losing
a molecule of water and resulting in Methanoic acid.
63.
What
happens when Chloroform is allowed to react with NaOH solution?
64.
Give
the action of Chloroform upon aq. KOH. 1.5
65. How would you convert
Trichloromethane into formic acid? 1
4) Reaction with concentrated HNO3
Chloroform reacts with conc. Nitric acid resulting in chloropicrin
with is used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial,
fungicide, herbicide, insecticide and a component of tear gas.
66. What happens when Chloroform is
treated with conc. nitric acid? 1
67.
What
happens when Trichloromethane reacts with nitric acid? 1
68.
Starting
from Trichloromethane how would you prepare chloropicrin?
5) Reaction with Propanone (acetone)
Chloroform condenses with Propanone (acetone) in presence of
KOH to give Chloretone which is used as a hypnotic drug (sleep inducing).
69. How does chloroform react with
acetone? 1
70.
How
does Trichloromethane react with Propanone? 1
71.
Identify
product A and write its IUPAC name.
72.
Starting
from Trichloromethane how would you prepare Chloretone?
73.
What
product would you expect when Trichloromethane is condensed with acetone? Write
the IUPAC name of the product. 1
Conversions
74.
How
would you obtain Ethylene from Trichloromethane? 1
75. An organic compound (A) when heated
with Ag powder gives C2H2 and carbonyl chloride when it
exposes to air.
i)
Identify
the compound (A).
ii)
Write
the reaction for laboratory preparation of (A).
iii)
What
happens when compound (A) is treated with conc. nitric acid
iv)
Convert
(A) into Methanoic acid. 1+2+1+1
40.
Chloroform does not give white ppt. with silver
nitrate because
a.
AgNO3 is an ionic compound. c. CHCl3 does not ionize in
water.
b.
CHCl3 is chemically inert. d. AgNO3 does not
ionize in water.
41.
Chloroform reacts with air in presence of
sunlight to give a poisonous gas called
a. Phosphene c. Phosgene b. Lewsite d.
Sulphur gas
42.
Which of the following compound is added to
chloroform to convert poisonous phosgene gas into non-poisonous compound?
a. Diethyl
carbonate c.
Ethanal
b. Ethyl
alcohol d.
Chloroethane
43.
Chloroform on heating with water and zinc dust
gives
a.
CH3Cl b.
CHCl3 c. CH4 d. CH2Cl2
44.
Chloroform reacts with silver powder to give:
a. Silver
acetylide c. Ethane
b. Ethyne d. Silver
formate
45.
Chloroform when heated with aq. KOH gives:
a. Methanal c. Methanoic acid
b. Methanetriol d. None
46.
When chloroform is treated with conc. HNO3
it gives
a. CHCl2NO2 c. CCl3NO2 b. CHCl3HNO3 d. CHCl2HNO3
47.
Which of the following is used as tear gas/war
gas
a.
CCl3CHO c. CCl3NO3 b. CCl3NO2 d. C6H5NO2
48.
When chloroform is treated with acetone the
product is
a. Ethylide
chloride c. Mesitylene b. Chloretone d. Chloral
49.
a.
Hexane c.
Propane
b.
Alkyl bromide d.
2,3-dimethyl butane
50.
The compound B formed in the following sequence
of reaction is
a.
Propane b.
Propanol c. Propene d. Propyne
***This is not a complete note. It is just to guide
you. It is recommended to study prescribed textbooks along with this material. ***
Labels: alkyl halides, chemistry class 12 NEB, chemistry notes, concise and comprehensive, Hetero element, Lassaigne's extract, Organic chemistry, Sodium extract
posted by Subarnam Oli @ March 23, 2023
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